Smartphone addiction is associated with symptoms of anxiety, depression, stress, tension, confusion, and insomnia: A cross-sectional and comparative study with physically and non-physically active adults in self-isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic

Introduction. During the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, social media exposure and use of electronic devices have increased; still, these behaviors may cause adverse health effects. Objective. This study assessed sleep quality, insomnia, mood, psychological aspects among physically (n = 46) non-physically 53) active individuals during self-isolation throughout COVID-19 pandemic examined their association with smartphone addiction. Method. A cross-sectional was conducted adult Brazilian citizens in for at least 60 days; ninety-nine volunteers from different regions were enrolled online survey. The Depression, Anxiety Stress Scale-Short Form, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Insomnia Severity Brunel Mood Scale, Smartphone Addiction Version used to assess outcomes. Results. results indicate moderate large correlations addiction mood subscales, insomnia (r .52), anxiety .49), depression stress .49) symptoms. Also, it observed that participants less addicted smartphones than (p